Literature — The foundational and current texts of a field or discipline of study
Perspective — A point of view conveyed through an argument
Plagiarism — Failure to acknowledge, attribute, and/or cite any ideas or evidence taken from another source
Point of view — A position or standpoint on a topic or issue
Primary source — An original source of information about a topic (e.g., study, artifact, data set, interview, article)
Qualification — A condition or exception
Qualitative — Having to do with text, narrative, or descriptions
Quantitative — Having to do with numbers, amounts, or quantities
Rebuttal — Contradicting an opposing perspective by providing alternate, more convincing evidence
Refutation — Disproving an opposing perspective by providing counterclaims or counterevidence
Reliability — The extent to which something can be trusted to be accurate
Resolution — The act of solving a problem or dispute
Scaffolding — The provision of temporary structured support for students to aid skill development
Secondary source — A commentary about one or more primary sources that provides additional insight, opinions, and/or interpretation about the primary source data, study, or artifacts
Sequencing — The organization of curriculum content into an order which progresses from simple to more complex solution — A means of answering a question or addressing a problem or issue
Text — Something composed (e.g., articles; research studies; foundational, literary, and philosophical texts; speeches, broadcasts, and personal accounts; artistic works and performances) that conveys a perspective and can be examined
Thesis — A claim or position on an issue or topic put forward and supported by evidence
Tone — The way in which an author expresses an attitude about his or her topic or subject through rhetorical choices
Validity — The extent to which an argument or claim is logical vocal variety — Changing vocal characteristics (e.g., pitch, volume, speed) in order to emphasize ideas, convey emotion or opinion, or achieve other specific purposes